Arthropod P450 Enchiridion

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====== NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase ======

Further references on arthropod CPR

===== Cloning and characterization of CPR =====

  * **House fly, //Musca domestica//:** 

cloning and expression levels: Koener et al., 1993\\ 
functional expression: Andersen et al., 1994\\    
purification and full characterization: Murataliev et al.,1999; 2008; Murataliev & Feyereisen, 1999; 2000 

  * //Drosophila melanogaster// : Hovemann et al., 1997
  * //Bombyx mori// : Horike et al., 2000
  * //Anopheles gambiae// : Nikou et al., 2003; Lian et al., 2013
  * //Mamestra brassicae//: Maibeche-Coisne et al.,2005 
  * //Anopheles minimus//: Kaewpa et al., 2007
  * //Helicoverpa armigera//: Liu et al., 2014

and many subsequent publications.



===== RNAi of CPR =====
  *//Anopheles gambiae// : silencing increases permethrin toxicity (Lycett et al., 2006)
  *//Helicoverpa armigera// : silencing increases fenvalerate toxicity (Tang et al., 2012)
  *//Cimex lectularius// : silencing increases deltamethrin toxicity(Zhu et al., 2012)
  * //Nilaparvata lugens// :silencing increases toxicity of cypermethrin and imidacloprid (Liu et al., 2014)
  * //Bactrocera dorsalis// : silencing increases malathion toxicity (Huang et al., 2015)
  * //Tetranychus cinnabarius// : silencing increases toxicity of fenpropathrin (Shi et al., 2015)
  * //Laodelphax striatellus// :silencing increases buprofezin toxicity (Zhang et al., 2016)
  * //Locusta migratoria// : silencing increases carbaryl toxicity (Zhang et al., 2017)
  * //Nilaparvata lugens//: silencing inhibits ability to feed on HYH15 (BPH resistant)rice (Peng et al., 2017)
  * //Bemisia tabaci// : silencing increases imidacloprid toxicity (He et al., 2019)
  * //Spodoptera litura// : silencing increases phoxim toxicity (Ji et al., 2019)
  * //Sitophilus zeamais// : silencing increases terpinene-4-ol susceptibility (Huang et al., 2019)
  * //Tetranychus urticae// : silencing increases toxicity of multiple acaricides (Adesanya et al., 2020)
  * //Diaphorina citri// : silencing increases imidacloprid and thiamethoxam toxicity (Yuan et al., 2021)
  * //Spodoptera litura//: silencing increases indoxacarb toxicity (Shi et al., 2021)
  * //Acyrthosiphon pisum// : silencing decreases desiccation tolerance and increases insecticide toxicity (Qiao et al.,2021)
  * //Nilaparvata lugens// : silencing decreases desiccation tolerance, CHC levels and ovarian function (Wang et al., 2022) 
  * //Nilaparvata lugens// :silencing increases toxicity of sulfoxaflor and neonicotinoids (He et al., 2023)
  * //Aphis gossypii// :silencing increases toxicity of sulfoxaflor  (Tang et al., 2023)
  * //Triatoma infestans// :silencing increases toxicity of deltamethrin (Varela et al., 2024)
  * //Apolygus lucorum// : silencing increases toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin (Zhen et al., 2024)
  * //Bradysia odoriphaga// : silencing increases toxicity of neonicotinoids (Wang et al. 2025)
  * //Leptinotarsa decemlineata// : silencing decreases larval growth and survival rate (Mendoza-Alatorre et al., 2025)