Shi et al.(2018) and Wang et al.(2018) studied the activity of ten CYP6AE genes, nine of which forming a tight genomic cluster in Helicoverpa armigera. Their data, summarized below (Dermauw et al., 2020) shows that these paralogous genes encode P450s with variable catalytic competence that is poorly conserved phylogenetically. The cluster is therefore inherited as a catalytically promiscuous unit, likely to maintain high evolvability.